Gowanus | 高恩努斯

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SOLOPWANG > SPACE > ECOLOGICAL > GOWANUS

SITE: Master Plan, Gowanus Canal Watershed, Brooklyn, New York
{CSO Retention Facilities + Natural Water Remediation Complexes + Street Runoff Collection and Redistribution System + Riparian Strips}
SIZE: 1,758 acres
STATUS: Design Completed 2012 | Water_Works Competition 2012

The Gowanus canal in Brooklyn, New York, was once a major transportation route for the city. Manufactured gas plants, mills, tanneries, and chemical plants all operated along the canal causing it become one of the nation's most polluted water bodies after years of discharge, combined sewer outflows (CSO) and industrial pollutants carried by water runoff. A complete water management analysis reveals that not only is the overall underground sewer system operating over capacity, the sewers within the Gowanus watershed are running at dramatically different rates.

In order to completely remediate Gowanus' heavily contaminated water problem, a new multiphase master plan, which includes a 4 million gallon CSO retention plant, is proposed. Buildings at higher ground outside the contaminated zone to the Gowanus watershed are mostly residential, and street runoff is relatively clean. Hence, the very first step is to separate storm water runoff from higher ground away from the sewer system. The drainage from these areas will be temporarily closed off during heavy precipitation. Without adding street runoff from the residential area into the sewers, the overflows among Gowanus canal can almost be eliminated. Meanwhile, the sewer system within the contaminated zone will then be able to handle more street runoff directly above from the previous listed facilities, which were the source of the waterbody's pollution problem. All sewage within the Gowanus sewershed will eventually get remediated by the new CSO retention facilities before released to the canal. On the other hand, clean street runoff will be collected and proportionally redistributed to several natural water remediation sites by riparian strips that filter out pollutants. Theses sites are built within the contaminated zone but with help of the constructed wetlands, roof gardens and the urban scaled natural swimming pool, water on site can be maintained at EEC bath water guideline level for public use at all time. As the weather is predictable, a precise amount of previously cleaned storm water that has been stored on site can be released to the canal in order to provide storage volume for upcoming storms. To protect the watershed from rare super storms, this strategy has the advantage over sewer system renovation in both cost and time efficiency. The architectural complexes at these remediation sites are not only the most natural solution to remediate both runoff and sewage, but also kickstart a new economy for the neighbourhood, and repopulate the area after decades of heavy polluting.

高恩努斯

場地: 總規劃設計，高恩努斯運河地表集水區，布魯克林，紐約
『污水處理廠 + 天然水淨化區 + 地表徑流收集與分配系統 + 人工水道』
佔地面積: 1,758 英畝
狀態: 設計完成 2012 | Water_Work 設計比賽 2012

高恩努斯運河曾經是布魯克林重要的運輸通道。煤氣廠、磨坊、皮革廠、化學製品廠和許多其他工廠都曾開設於運河兩邊。但由於常年的工業污水排放、化學地質污染、暴雨導致的地表徑流和城市下水道污水溢出，高恩努斯運河變成了整個美國污染最嚴重的水體之一。通過完整地分析該地區的水資源管理系統，結果顯示與高恩努斯地表集水區域對應的地下污水處理系統不僅在整體超負荷運作，該系統不同區域的運作效率還存在著極大的差異。

包含一個四百萬加侖級污水處理廠的新高恩努斯總規劃設計意在分多階段，全面地治理整個區域重度污染的水體。在地質污染範圍以外，建於高恩努斯地表集水區內高地勢區域的房屋多數為住宅建築。降雨時流經高地勢區域的地表徑流也相對乾淨。因此治理的第一步在於阻止該地區的地表徑流混入下水道污水處理系統。強降雨來襲時，該片區域的滲水系統會暫時關閉。地下污水系統壓力的銳減幾乎可以直接解決運河邊城市下水道的污水溢出。與此同時，地質污染範圍內的下水道系統則可以更好的處理周邊真正的工業及化學污染水源。所有來自高恩努斯周邊的地下污水都會在被最終排放至運河前經過新建的污水處理廠淨化。另一方面，高地勢區域相對乾淨的地表徑流會被收集并按規劃中不同天然水淨化區的效能已對應的比例經由新建的人工水道重新過濾及分配。雖然新規劃中的全部天然水淨化區都位於地質污染範圍內，但結合人工濕地、屋頂庭園和城市級天然淨化泳池的共同協助，所有天然淨化區內的水質均可保持在EEC公共泳池用水等級之上。鑒於天氣變化可以被預測，存於天然水淨化區內已經過淨化的雨水可以在暴雨來臨前按等同預測降雨量的體積精准地控制排放到運河中。在面對特大暴雨時，這種規劃設想在花費和效能上都遠勝於重新擴建整個地下污水處理系統。天然水淨化區的建築規劃不僅是針對地表徑流和地下污水最理想的解決方案，同時還可以帶動高恩努斯地區新一輪的經濟增長，最終吸引因長期污染而流失的居民重新安居於此。